Female urethral stricture: techniques for reconstruction

Female urethral stricture (FUS) is a rare condition. It was not studied robustly for many years, but interest has grown recently in the reconstructive urology community, leading to an increase publications. In this review, we gather latest data regarding FUS and its different therapeutic options. Studies are summarized, split by technique. We also review published European Guidelines. addition, share our preferred surgical technique views on future Diagnosing can often be challenging requires high index of clinical suspicion. Its vague symptoms empiric initial treatments combine make underdiagnosed The lack consensus how define compounds problem. Appropriate diagnosis thorough investigation, ancillary studies such as video urodynamics, cystoscopy, voiding cystourethrogram may useful. Treatment options range from conservative management definitive procedures, although have shown that measures dilation low success rate overall. Within management, augmented urethroplasty - using either flaps or grafts, proven gold standard. Both excellent results over time; however, there insufficient available recommend one other. Contemporary overall poor level evidence. Although due rarity problem, proper randomized controlled trial comparing principal their outcomes would beneficial allow more informed decision making when considering women with stricture.